How the Crimea Peninsula differs from the rest of Ukraine

CTV National News: Russia's influence on Ukraine Will Russia press ahead with military intervention in Ukraine or will President Putin back down? Ben O'Hara-Byrne explains.

The Crimean peninsula, the main flashpoint in Ukraine's crisis, is a pro-Russia part of Ukraine separated from the rest of the country geographically, historically and politically.

It also hosts Russia's Black Sea Fleet.

Ukraine has accused Russia of invading it, while Moscow argues that the new Ukrainian government is illegitimate and poses a threat to ethnic Russians in Crimea.

Here's some key information about the region:

ON THE BLACK SEA

The Crimean Peninsula juts into the Black Sea, all but an island except for a narrow strip of land in the north connecting it to the mainland. On its eastern shore, a finger of land reaches out almost to Russia. It's best known in the West as the site of the 1945 Yalta Conference, where Soviet dictator Josef Stalin, President Franklin D. Roosevelt and British Prime Minister Winston Churchill sealed the postwar division of Europe.

WHY IT'S PART OF UKRAINE

It only became part of Ukraine when Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev gave the peninsula to his native land in 1954. This hardly mattered until the Soviet Union broke up in 1991 and Crimea ended up in an independent Ukraine. Despite that, nearly 60 per cent of its population of 2 million identify themselves as Russians.

THE BLACK SEA FLEET

On Crimea's southern shore sits the port city of Sevastopol, home to the Russian Black Sea Fleet and its thousands of naval personnel. Russia kept its half of the Soviet fleet, but was rattled in 2009 when the pro-Western Ukrainian President Viktor Yuschenko warned that it would have to leave the key port by 2017. Shortly after pro-Russian Viktor Yanukovych was elected president in 2010, he agreed to extend the Russian lease until 2042. Russia fears that Ukraine's new pro-Western government could evict it.

THE TATARS

Crimea fell to Russia in the late 18th century when Catherin the Great's troops defeated its Tatar hosts allied with the Ottoman Port following hostilities that raged for decades.

The Tatars, who were brutally deported in 1944 under Stalin, returned amid the breakup of the Soviet Union and now make up about 12 per cent of the population. They want Crimea to remain part of Ukraine and have sided firmly with the anti-Yanukovych protesters in Kyiv, who drove his government from power.

FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE

British nurse Florence Nightingale was celebrated for treating wounded soldiers during the Crimean War of the mid-19th century, which Russia lost to an alliance that included Britain, France and the Ottoman Empire. She is now considered the founder of modern nursing. The war ended in Russia's humiliating defeat.