Anti-government protests draw tens of thousands in Bulgaria

Police clash with protesters during a rally against austerity measures in next year's draft budget, in Sofia, Monday, Dec 1, 2025. (AP Photo/Valentina Petrova)

Tens of thousands of people took to the streets across Bulgaria on Wednesday to protest against the government and corruption, as anger over the country’s draft budget boiled over into a widening anti-graft movement.

In recent weeks, Bulgaria has been gripped by a wave of rallies against a divisive 2026 draft budget, which protesters have branded as an attempt to mask rampant corruption.

Demonstrators gathered for fresh protests in major cities across Bulgaria on Wednesday night.

Tens of thousands rallied outside the parliament building in Sofia alone, according to an AFP journalist on the scene. Protesters chanted “Resign” and held up “I’m fed up!” signs featuring caricatures of politicians.

“Corruption and stolen money are the big problems,” Martin Nedkov, a 45-year-old engineer, told AFP.

He said he was wearing a pig snout at the rally “because it symbolizes the pigsty that the state has become”, adding that he was hoping for change.

Retail employee Gergana Gelkova, 24, said she joined the protest because widespread corruption has become “intolerable”.

“Most of my friends no longer live in Bulgaria and will not return. I want our country to be run by young, competent and educated people,” she told AFP.

The protests first erupted in the European Union’s poorest country in late November, when the ruling majority government attempted to fast track the 2026 budget.

Critics say the institutions managing Bulgaria’s public finances are corrupt and the budget measures would only entrench graft.

Crystallized anger

With Bulgaria joining the eurozone on Jan. 1, the budget will be the country’s first calculated in euros.

“Bulgarians do not trust their institutions and leaders. In recent months, this has been compounded by concerns about prices,” as the country prepares to adopt the euro, Boryana Dimitrova, director of the Alpha Research polling institute, told AFP.

According to Dimitrova, the contested budget has crystallized anger against widespread corruption by translating “the now commonplace problem... into understandable language”.

Under pressure from the protests, the government in early December withdrew its budget proposal, which included unpopular measures such as an increase in social-security contributions.

A new draft budget was presented to parliament at the beginning of this week.

The pro-Western opposition coalition PP-DB organized Wednesday’s rally in Sofia.

Besides the government, the protesters have taken aim at former media mogul Delyan Peevski, who is accused by the opposition of having shadowy influence over the media, the judiciary and the security services.

Peevski, who has been sanctioned by the United States and the United Kingdom for corruption, leads the party representing the Turkish minority and part of the Roma community, which guarantees the government’s parliamentary majority.

Last week, Bulgarian President Rumen Radev declared his support for the protesters and urged the government to resign to make way for early elections.

In May, Radev proposed holding a referendum on the introduction of the euro.

Along with Hungary and Romania, Bulgaria is among the lowest ranking members on watchdog Transparency International’s Corruption Perception Index.

The Balkan country has seen seven snap elections following massive anti-graft protests in 2020 against the government of three-time premier Boyko Borissov.

Borissov’s conservative GERB party topped the most recent election last year, forming the current coalition government.