Air turbulence: When can it become dangerous?
Flight turbulence like that encountered by a Singapore Airlines flight on Tuesday is extremely common, but there's one aspect of severe turbulence an aviation expert says can lead to serious injury.
The body armour propped against a radiator, ready for use, the spent shell casing adding to clutter on his desk, the boxing memorabilia and the sign asking visitors to leave firearms at his door: All shout that this is the office of an extraordinary mayor, in extraordinarily difficult times.
Other, more personal touches fill out the picture: The book on a sideboard about British wartime leader Winston Churchill is signed "With best wishes" by the author, former British Prime Minister Boris Johnson.
And then there's the plastic toy figure of a muscular boxer, with clenched fist raised -- a reminder of how physically imposing, fearsome even, Vitali Klitschko was in his world title-winning, opponent-pummeling heavyweight boxing prime.
That much hasn't changed. His handshake is crushingly firm, his gaze steely. But the pressures on the shoulders and on the time of the 51-year-old mayor of Ukraine's capital city are heavier now than they ever were when his fortunes were measured in three-minute rounds that ended with clangs of a bell.
"If I tried to explain to you all the challenges that I have, we (would) need weeks," Klitschko said.
As was also the case during his years as a professional prizefighter, the fight for survival he's engaged in now is primal. But it's more essential, too: To prevent power from going out entirely in his city of three million people, to ensure that families don't freeze in the cold that winter's onset is bringing, and to keep Ukraine's hyper-digital capital hooked up to the outside world.
All this in a horrifying war against an invader, Russia, seemingly intent on destroying all those things -- with repeated barrages of missiles and exploding drones that have battered Ukraine's power grid and other key infrastructure.
"It's terror," Klitschko said, delivering the word like a punch in an Associated Press interview in his City Hall office on the invasion's 268th day.
"They (left) us freezing," he said. "Without electricity, without heating, without water."
Power still comes on -- sometimes -- but it can no longer be relied upon. In a city with ubiquitous wifi and where most anything could be done online, rolling hours-long electricity cuts are the horrid new norm for many. President Volodymyr Zelenskyy says Russian strikes have damaged around half of Ukraine's energy infrastructure.
In blacked-out Kyiv restaurants, diners feel their way through meals in near-darkness, served by waiters carrying candles. Residents wake in the dead of night -- if that's when it's their turn to get a few hours of power again -- to shower and do laundry.
"Huge challenge," Klitschko said.
So what's the worst-case scenario? How much worse can it possibly get?
"I don't like to talk about that," he said. "But I have to be prepared."
Part of the answer is out of Klitschko's very large hands. How difficult life will become depends, in part, on how many more missiles Russian President Vladimir Putin has left in his arsenal to throw at Kyiv and other cities.
But on the plus side, based on the most recent strikes, fewer missiles and drones appear to be getting through the capital's air defences, because they've been beefed up with Western-supplied systems to shoot down projectiles. On a surprise visit Saturday to Kyiv, British Prime Minister Rishi Sunak came with more help, pledging 125 anti-aircraft guns and other defences against exploding, Iran-supplied drones that Russia has used.
"It's much better than before. Definitely," Klitschko said. "But it's not enough. ... We need more to protect other cities."
Klitschko's guess is that Putin's strategy is to heap so much misery on Ukrainians that they give up fighting.
It won't work, the mayor predicted.
"After every rocket attack, I talk to the people, to simple civilians. They (are) not depressed," he said. "They were angry, angry and ready to stay and defend our houses, our families and our future."
A Ukrainian flag affixed to the wall behind his desk reinforced his argument: "Together to victory" and "We will win," soldiers wrote on it.
Driving home his point, Klitschko cited a message he said he'd received from a Kyiv soldier telling him that on his front line, there is "no heating, no water, no electricity, no services."
"'We're fighting for every one of you. If you complain, think about our condition,"' Klitschko said, recalling the soldier's plea.
"It's a great answer," said the mayor.
Flight turbulence like that encountered by a Singapore Airlines flight on Tuesday is extremely common, but there's one aspect of severe turbulence an aviation expert says can lead to serious injury.
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