Austrian lawmakers on Thursday voted by a large majority in favour of a law banning headscarves in schools for girls under 14, a move rights groups and experts say is discriminatory and could deepen societal division. Austria’s conservative-led government -- under pressure with anti-immigration sentiment is running high -- proposed the ban earlier this year, arguing it is aimed at protecting girls “from oppression.” In 2019 the country introduced a ban on headscarves in primary schools, but the constitutional court struck it down. This time the government insists that its law is constitutional, though experts have suggested it could be seen as discriminating against one religion -- Islam -- and putting children in an uncomfortable position. The law prevents girls younger than 14 from wearing headscarves that “cover the head in accordance with Islamic traditions” in all schools. After a debate Thursday, only the opposition Green party voted against the ban. Ahead of the vote, lawmaker Yannick Shetty of the liberal NEOS said the headscarf “is not just an item of clothing” but “sexualizes girls.” “When a girl... is told that she must hide her body... to protect herself from the gaze of men, it’s not a religious ritual, but oppression,” Integration Minister Claudia Plakolm said when presenting the bill. The ban, which applies to “all forms” of the Islamic veil including hijabs and burqas, would take full effect with the start of the new school year in September, Plakolm said. From February, an initial period would be launched during which the new rules would be explained to educators, parents and children with no penalties for breaking them. But for repeated non-compliance, parents would face fines ranging from 150 to 800 euros (US$175-930). The government said that about 12,000 girls would be affected by the new law. ‘Stigmatized’ Rights groups and activists have long argued that banning headscarves still amounts to telling a woman what to wear, instead of allowing her the freedom to decide on her own. Organizations including Amnesty International Austria have criticized the bill. Amnesty said it “constitutes blatant discrimination against Muslim girls” and described it as an “expression of anti-Muslim racism.” Such measures risk “fuelling existing prejudices and stereotypes against Muslims,” the group warned. The draft law has also drawn criticism from the IGGOe, the body officially recognized as representing the country’s Muslim communities. It said the ban “jeopardizes social cohesion”, saying “instead of empowering children, they are stigmatized and marginalized.” Angelika Atzinger, managing director of the Amazone women’s rights association, said a headscarf ban “sends girls the message that decisions are being made about their bodies and that this is legitimate.” Her comments appeared in a statement published by the anti-racism group SOS Mitmensch, which also opposes the proposed law. Austria’s anti-immigration, far-right Freedom Party (FPOe) said the ban did not go far enough, however. They want it extended to all students, teachers and other staff. In France, authorities banned school children in 2004 from wearing signs of religious affiliation such as headscarves, turbans or Jewish skullcaps, on the basis of the country’s secular laws, which are meant to guarantee neutrality in state institutions. By Kiyoko Metzler
