Loneliness: The hidden challenge of retirement migration

Senior citizens relax on Llandudno Promenade on September 8, 2014 in Llandudno, Wales. (Photo by Christopher Furlong/Getty Images)

Many people dream of retiring to a warmer, more affordable country. Whether it’s relaxing in Spain or enjoying Mexico’s beaches, it seems like the perfect escape. But according to a new study published by the American Psychological Association, retirees who move abroad may face a hidden challenge: loneliness.

“Older migrants face double jeopardy as they are vulnerable to both age-related and migration-related risk factors of loneliness,” say the researchers behind the study, Esma Betül Savaş, Kène Henkens, and Matthijs Kalmijn.

The study surveyed 4,995 Dutch retirees living abroad, as well as 1,338 Dutch retirees who live in the Netherlands.

Social vs. emotional loneliness

The study looked at two types of loneliness: social and emotional. While retirement migrants tend to feel more socially lonely, they aren’t any more emotionally lonely than those who stay in their home country. The researchers believe this is because many retirees move abroad with a spouse or partner, who helps them emotionally adjust.

“Retirement migration is often a partner project in which partners serve as a crucial support system throughout the migration process,” the study says. But for those who lose touch with family and friends, both social and emotional loneliness can become harder to separate.

Stay connected and combat loneliness

Based on the study’s findings, here are some practical steps retirees can take to reduce loneliness while living abroad:

Maintain strong ties with family and friends back home

The study found that retirees who lost contact with close family and friends back home felt both socially and emotionally lonelier. Staying in touch with loved ones through calls, video chats or letters can help keep the emotional connection alive, especially when your social network in the new country isn’t as strong.

Work on building new relationships in your new country

While it’s challenging to recreate the deep social ties from your home country, making an effort to build new connections is important. The study highlights that forming friendships and creating a sense of belonging in the new country can help reduce social loneliness. Look for local clubs, community groups or volunteer opportunities where you can meet people and form meaningful relationships.

Get to know your neighbours

Neighbours can become a crucial support system, especially when family is far away. The study found that retirement migrants who had more contact with their neighbours experienced less loneliness. So, make an effort to connect with those living nearby—they can become close friends and provide valuable support when you need it.

Develop a sense of belonging

Having a sense of belonging in your new country is important in reducing social loneliness. The research showed that feeling integrated into the community was a key factor in mitigating loneliness. Take time to learn the local language, explore the culture and participate in community activities to help you feel more connected.