A report out today finds officers across Canada issued more than 10,000 tickets for alleged violations of anti-pandemic emergency measures.
The research indicates fines between April 1 and June 15 totalled at least $13 million.
Quebec was the most punitive in its approach, followed by Ontario and Nova Scotia.
The study was done by the Canadian Civil Liberties Association and a university-based project on policing the pandemic.
It finds a key issue with the enforcement approach is that marginalized and vulnerable groups tended to bear the brunt of police and bylaw action.
The association says a public health crisis was "twisted" into a public order crisis.
This report by The Canadian Press was first published on June 24, 2020.