Former Manitoba premier Howard Pawley dies at 81

WINNIPEG -- Howard Pawley, a small-town lawyer who rose to become Manitoba's second NDP premier and one of the central figures behind the province's public auto insurance system, died Wednesday.

He was 81.

Prime Minister Justin Trudeau said Pawley was a remarkable Canadian, widely respected for his championing of human rights, social justice and economic development.

"On behalf of all Canadians, Sophie and I would like to offer our deepest sympathies to the family, friends, and colleagues of former premier of Manitoba, Howard Pawley," Trudeau said in a statement Thursday.

"We mourn the loss of an exceptional visionary whose trail-blazing work made life better for the citizens of Manitoba and, by extension, for all Canadians. His legacy will live on in the many advances our country has made toward achieving greater social justice for all."

Flags at the Manitoba legislature and at city hall in Windsor, Ont., were at half mast on Thursday. Pawley taught law and political science at the University of Windsor after he left politics.

"The University of Windsor was extremely honoured to have someone of Howard Pawley's stature join our campus and share his passion for Canada and his passion for social justice with our students and our colleagues and our community," said Alan Wildeman, university president.

"He will be greatly, greatly missed."

Pawley was born Nov. 21, 1934, in Brampton, Ont., to Russell and Velma Pawley. He spent his youth steeped in politics and his father was an unsuccessful candidate for the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation, the forerunner to the NDP.

Henry Madill, Pawley's maternal grandfather, "was the only socialist for 50 miles around," the premier often bragged.

He moved to Manitoba with his parents when his father took a job at the Cockshutt Plough Co. in Winnipeg. The young Pawley completed high school and went on to United College and the University of Manitoba.

He tried his hand at teaching before going into law, a job he figured would allow time to pursue a political career.

"Law gave me an opportunity to do what I wanted and that was to serve publicly," he once said.

In 1957, at age 23, Pawley become the youngest president in the history of the Manitoba CCF and earned his stripes by running in hopeless rural ridings.

It was while in law school that Pawley met and married Adele Schreyer -- the cousin of future Manitoba NDP premier Ed Schreyer. It was Schreyer who talked him into running provincially in Selkirk, a riding he held for almost 20 years.

Pawley served as public works and urban affairs minister and as attorney general under Schreyer. His major achievement was following Saskatchewan's lead to give his province Canada's second government-run auto insurance system.

When Sterling Lyon and the Progressive Conservatives ousted the NDP in 1977, Schreyer resigned and was made governor general by then-prime minister Pierre Trudeau. With plenty of seasoned veterans jockeying for Schreyer's job, Pawley seemed a bad bet.

But he received the nod as interim leader from caucus and was quickly confirmed by a convention, although some senior caucus members were so annoyed they bolted to form their own party -- the Progressives.

Without their help, Pawley led the party to a smooth victory in 1981.

It was the crowning achievement of Pawley's political career and the fulfillment of a dream, but the former lawyer, who wore wrinkled suits, ate too much pastry and liked to tell of his family's rural origins, never seemed at ease in the job.

The caucus mavericks continued to nip at his heels and one of them eventually drew blood after Pawley's second win in 1986.

After recovering from polls that showed party support at all-time lows during the bitter fight to expand French-language rights in Manitoba -- a fight he lost -- Pawley managed to eke out a majority government in 1986. Two years later, however, former Speaker Jim Walding, nursing a couple of grudges, joined with the opposition to bring down the government on a non-confidence motion.

Pawley, his voice cracking with emotion, stunned many a few days later when he announced he would not lead the party into the next election.

He tried one more unsuccessful bid for the House of Commons before returning to law and a series of academic jobs at Canadian universities -- but not without regrets.

"I do become frustrated when I see so much that should be dealt with and I'd like to be participating in and I'm not," he said.

Manitoba Premier Greg Selinger said Manitoba has lost a true champion for social justice.

"His leadership and progressive values led to changes to Manitoba's labour code to ensure that workers are paid fairly, regardless of their gender, and the inclusion of sexual orientation to Manitoba's Human Rights Code," he said.