Confused about changing prostitution laws in Canada? Bill C-36 primer

A woman (requested to withhold her name) holds a sign during a rally at Allan Gardens park to support Toronto sex workers and their rights in Toronto, Friday December 20, 2013. (Mark Blinch / THE CANADIAN PRESS)

OTTAWA -- In a rare summer sitting, the House of Commons Justice committee is examining Bill C-36, the federal government's proposed new prostitution law. Here are some of the changes the bill makes:

Why a new law?

Last December, in a case known as Bedford, the Supreme Court of Canada threw out existing prostitution laws, saying the violated the Charter of Rights and Freedoms. The court gave the government a year to bring in new legislation.

Choices:

There are different approaches to prostitution across the world. In some countries, such as New Zealand, it is legal and regulated under labour and public health laws. In the United States it is illegal in all but a few counties in Nevada. The so-called Nordic model, followed in Norway, Sweden and Iceland, makes buying sex illegal, while selling it is not

Old law:

Selling sex was legal, but living in a bawdy house or brothel was illegal, as was living off the profits of another's prostitution and soliciting sex in public.

New law:

Selling sex remains legal, but buying it becomes a criminal offence. It will also be illegal for anyone to communicate for the purpose of prostitution and prohibits advertising the sexual services of others.

Pros:

The government says the bill will protect vulnerable women and keep communities safe by allowing prostitutes to rent apartments, screen clients, hire a receptionist or security guard, and advertise their own services.

Cons: Sex workers say that because buying sex remains a criminal offence, the new law will drive prostitutes back into dark alleys and industrial zones, leaving them at risk.

Quotes:

"These appeals and the cross-appeal are not about whether prostitution should be legal or not. They are about whether the laws Parliament has enacted on how prostitution may be carried out pass constitutional muster. I conclude that they do not." -- Supreme Court Chief Justice Beverley McLachlin, writing the decision in the Bedford case.

"We believe prostitution is inherently dangerous and exploitative." -- Justice Minister Peter MacKay, testifying at a Commons committee.

"They are not harmful because they are illegal. They are illegal because they are harmful." -- Prime Minister Stephen Harper, speaking of activities in the sex trade.